Analysis and Application

1. Did Officer Smith have reasonable suspicion to make the initial stop of this vehicle? Reasonable suspicion is based on the understanding of circumstances of a person experienced in the field of criminal law. Another way of putting it is a criminal justice professional acting on more than a hunch but less than probable cause [ (quiz law) ]. Based on the definition of reasonable suspicion, Officer Smith did in fact have reasonable suspicion to make an initial stop of the vehicle because not only was a tail light broken which is a traffic law violation but the vehicle matched a general description of the vehicle that was suspected in the roadside killing of another Police Officer. 2. Was the â€Å"pat-down† of the driver legal?  A â€Å"Pat Down† is a quick search of a person’s being in order to determine if any weapons are present. A â€Å"Pat Down† is necessary to ensure the safety of the law enforcement agent and other civilians [ (Kiefer, 2009) ]. According to the case Arizona V. Johnson Officer Smith’s pat down of the driver was legal. Since the description of the car was the same as car used to kill other officer, Officer Smith had reason to fear for his life, therefore had the right to check or weapons. 3. Did exigent circumstances exist for Officer Smith to give chase to this vehicle? Exigent Circumstances means emergency conditions. Circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to believe that any relevant prompt action was necessary to prevent physical harm to the officers or civilians, the destruction of relevant evidence, the escape of a suspect, or some other consequence improperly frustrating legitimate law enforcement efforts (The lectric law library, 1995-2011). According to cased United States V. McConney (United States V. McConney, 1984), Exigent circumstances did exist for Officer Smith to Chase the vehicle in question because the driver obstructed justice by not providing the officer with her license and registration. Also the driver unusual action of speeding off before the stop came to an end also gave Officer Smith reason to give chase to the vehicle. 4. Was the gun in â€Å"plain view† and legally obtained?  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Plain View† authorizes seizure of illegal evidence visible to a police officer if the officer’s access to the object has a Fourth Amendment justification [ (Cliff Roberson, 2007) ]. According to the plain view doctrine the gun was in plain view because he could see if without physically moving anything or opening anything, but not legally obtained because she was not able to consent to the search of her car due to her being injured in an accident stemming from the chase. 5. Will the marijuana baggie be admissible evidence?  The marijuana will not be admissible in court unless the driver is found to be under the influence of the substance at time of accident because the previous exigent circumstances and reasonable suspicion would be deemed irrelevant due to the fact that the original reason for the stop which was the broken tail light was not in fact broken making the stop improper. Without the stop the officer would not have recognized that the vehicle fitted the description of suspect vehicle and Officer Smith would not have patted down the driver or asked for the driver’s license or registration, which in turn the driver would not have sped off inviting a chase from Officer Smith. Basically, with the reasonable suspicion and exigent circumstances the evidence found is irrelevant.

An Essay on “Less than Zero”

Life is ever-changing, ever-moving in the passive world of today’s youth. This thought came to mind when I was reading Bret Easton Ellis’ novel â€Å"Less Than Zero†. It is a book that speaks of the life of young people in the society these days. This essay aims to describe the elements of textual style, time movement, and the leading character of the novel. First, the author’s style which employs fluidity of spatial location depict the constant changing of ads, videos, scenes, programs and channels on television to which this story resembles. It can be observed that the story jumps from one location to another. Indeed, reading the novel is like watching a television. Just like in this paragraph from the text: â€Å"After leaving Blair I drive down to Wilshire and then onto Santa Monica and then I drive onto Sunset and take Beverly Glen to Mulholland, and then to Sepulveda to Ventura and then I drive through Sherman Oak's to Encino and then into Tarzana and then Woodland Hills. I stop at Sambo's†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This scene narrates the constant search of Clay, the leading character of the story, for a place where he can find enjoyment and pleasure yet he always ends up feeling empty and frustrated. This characterizes the youth of the 80’s and of today. They do a lot of things, go to a lot of places, and meet a lot of people yet they end up with nothing. The teens in the story spend their time, money and energy in worthless activities such as drinking alcohol, sniffing cocaine, partying, and engaging in sex and more but they do not get anything worthwhile. There is another scene of Clay and Rip tells of the aimlessness of going from one place to another. It didn’t matter if they are getting nowhere as long as they are moving. Second, the fast and quick time movement of the story illustrates that people come and go. Nothing is permanent in this world and time flies fast. And this is probably the reason why it seems that the novel constantly talks of death. What is worse is that Clay and his friends do not even care. Like the case of the twelve-year old girl who was kidnapped, gang-raped by Rip together with his friends and was found dead the next day. It is such as gory sight yet it seems these teenagers in the story are unaffected. It can also be observed that together with the change of location is a change of time. Such as these phrases: â€Å"Blair picks me up from LAX†¦ Nobody’s home†¦ I bring Daniel to Blair’s party that night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These scenes come after each other abruptly. There is no transition. It goes on and on. Lastly, Clay‘s character in the story portrays the nihilism and the passivism that characterizes the youth of today. He is the total picture of rich kids who have parents who can give them all the money and material things they want except for the love and time that they need. He narrates the story with passive indifference, probably because of his being constantly stoned with cocaine. He is detached in his feelings towards his family, his girlfriend, his friends and others. He seems not to care about what is happening to them. He sees the death that comes to people and yet he is unconcerned. However, he has a craving for something deeper. In fact, there are flashback scenes in the story where he remembered his grandparents and aunt. He even went back to Palm Springs where he grew up and he says: â€Å"I guess I went there because I want to remember the way things were.† This tells of a hidden part of him to get back to the good old days. In conclusion, the novel is an effective medium of presenting a picture of the younger generation’s life, struggles and hopes through the fluidity of spatial location, time movements and the character of Clay. Indeed, this novel â€Å"Less Than Zero† shows that the life of a teenager these days constantly changes and moves because of nihilism, passivism and aimlessness. Works Cited Ellis, Bret Easton. Less Than Zero. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc. 1

Analysis of Dance Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Dance Essay The type of dance I attended was a mix of ballet and modern. This involved group performances as well as individual performances. For the purpose of this paper I will narrow my observations to an individual performance of both ballet and modern and a group performance of both. Dance has the ability to draw it’s viewer in, by captivating the audience with the amount of grace, coordination and talent it’s dancers display. The lines a dancer created with their body is nothing short of amazing. Almost every type of person could appreciate something about dance. One of the first dances of the night was a ballet done, by a 9 year old girl. As she entered the dance area, it became very silent in the auditorium. You could almost hear a needle drop. Her costume was simple, dark in color, not shinny, as if not to distract the audience from her performance. Her white tights provided a focal point drawing the audience to watching the delicate moves she was executing with her legs. She started in first position quickly transitioning to 3rd and before you knew it she was spinning around on only one foot, pointing her toe towards the audience. She had a brief moment where it appeared that she fell out of pose, but immediately pulled herself back together, executing the next pose with perfection. Her face remained unchanged throughout the entire performance. She demonstrated perfect C shaped arms as she held them in the air bringing all her weight from her heels to the tips of her toes. This performance was very impressive for such a young girl. What I sometimes miss it facial expressions, but I suppose by the absence of expression the girl is allowing your mind to go wherever the music takes you. The next performance came from a 15 year old girl and best fit the description of modern dance. Her costume was bright, shinny, and created the illusion of movement. Many of the movements executed by this performer involved being on the floor, or bending over. Her arm movements were not as precise. It was as if a choreographer told her she could place her arms however she wished, in stark contrast to the ballet dance that required very precise movements. This dance appeared much slower. I did not enjoy this dance as much as I felt the bold costume and music distracted the viewers from the talent behind the dancer. She too was expressionless when she danced. The way the stage lights reflected off her costume created a glowing effect on the dancer. The group ballet was absolutely beautiful. Some of the dancers started as if they were asleep or dead, all bent over, while other dancers began in the upright position. As the dancers began to move across the stage, the dancers in the downward position began to arise. It created the illusion that the dancers were giving life to an otherwise lifeless creature. They all began dancing in unison across the stage, with pose and grace, up on their toes. They were always careful to have the correct position with their arms and legs, and toes pointed. They made this type of dancing look effortless, while executing it with such precision. No one fell out of pose during this dance, everyone knew their place and performed with great precision. As the dance ended they all went into a downward pose, creating the illusion that they were all lifeless again. What a brilliant analogy, this dance presented. Many things around us are lifeless, dull and boring, it is the people who occupy the space that gives it life and meaning. Just like dance gives life and many to those who watch it or perform it. The last dance was the group modern dance. This was my least favorite. I would almost say that it appeared sloppy and ill choreographed. At times I wondered if the girls were supposed to be doing the same movements and some were behind or if it was meant to look like a ripple effect. It did not look like either to me. Through watching these dances it became very obvious to me that I prefer ballet to modern dance. I was uncertain of the reason until the lady seated behind me said,† I loved their modern group dance†. I thought I miss heard her, but yes that was what she said. She even went on to say that they had won a competition doing that very dance. It was at that point I realized dance is for everyone. While I prefer the more precise movements, other people can enjoy the chaos of modern dance. I tend to be a perfectionist and I had nothing to gage the movements of the modern dance on. But I loved the ballet where you could tell when perfect pose was achieved. So I do believe a dance recital like this should appeal to all types of people, offering a great variety. Analysis of Dance. (2016, Nov 25).

Mass spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mass spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy - Essay Example (Ahuja and Alsante, 2003; p.16) Organic chemists define this science as the study of the "quantised interaction of electromagnetic radiations with matter" (Yadav, 2005; p.1). According to Yadav (2005), these electromagnetic emissions are created by the fluctuations of electric charges and the magnetic field existing in the atom. He further said that the various forms of electromagnetic radiation include ultraviolet, infrared, x-rays, microwaves, radio waves, and so on (Yadav, 2005; p.1). There are four methods or measurement techniques used in spectroscopy. These are: mass spectroscopy, or MS; ultraviolet spectroscopy, or UV; infrared spectroscopy, or IR; and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, or NMR. The common types of spectroscopy include: astronomical spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform spectroscopy, gamma-ray spectroscopy, and laser spectroscopy. (Flowers and Silver, 2004; p.953) A new technique, Raman spectroscopy, is now considered the fifth spectroscopic measurement technique (Smith and Dent, 2005; p.1) The three main types of spectroscopy/spectrometry include: absorption spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy, and scattering ... termines the sample's physical properties through the amount of light that the substance scatters at specific wavelengths, incident and polarization angles. The difference between scattering spectroscopy and emission spectroscopy lies in the fact that the scattering process is faster than the absorption or emission process (Flowers and Silver, 2004; p.953; Ahuja and Alsante, 2003; p.16). Mass spectroscopy as a technique offers outstanding structural information of different substances. It can also be a useful tool in separating molecules with little differences in their molecular weight. However, if mass spectroscopy is used as a quantitative measurement technique, its uses can be limited (Ahuja and Alsante, 2003; p.16). In ultraviolet spectroscopy, a sample substance is continuously irradiated with ultraviolet radiation of differing wavelengths. The power or energy which is related with the section of the electromagnetic spectrum matches the difference in power levels among various molecular orbitals. Ultraviolet radiation is created when a sample substance is exposed to a wavelength that equals the variation in energy between an occupied molecular orbital and an unoccupied molecular orbital. (Flowers and Silver, 2004; p.953) Ultraviolet spectroscopy, at a single wavelength, provides little selectivity of analysis (Ahuja and Alsante, 2003; p.16). Infrared spectroscopy, according to Stuart (2004), is definitely one of the most significant analytical measurement techniques that are available to scientists nowadays. (Stuart, 2004; p.1) This method offers precise information for some functional substance groups that present selectivity and allow quantification. (Ahuja and Alsante, 2003; p.16) This technique is based on the atoms' vibrations within a molecule; where an

MGT DISCUSSION QUESTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGT DISCUSSION QUESTION - Essay Example Informal work groups if well taken care of in an organisation can help in achieving not only the group’s goals but also management objectives. This is because meeting the group’s social needs will provide the necessary security that will motivate them to meet their company targets. Removing production obstacles is one way of getting an informal group, work. This is quite effective as far as I know. I once worked as a supervisor in one of the export processing zone companies, where I came in touch with an informal work groups. A major concern arose, where their leader confronted me with two issues. The first one was poor working conditions such as employees staying in the cooling rooms for more than four hours without a break and with nothing hot to drink. The second was on material shortages, which made them, do a lot of overtime without pay. I had to face management on their behalf with the issues at hand. Changes were implemented and employees were released on breaks to have some snacks with tea provided by the employer. In addition, the company increased the number of employees supplying materials to my team and I saw great productivity in the next months I worked in that

Stem Cell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Stem Cell - Essay Example This study stresses that  ethical issues arise in every step comprised in stem cell research. These steps range from permission or authority to give stem cells to be used in research, experimentation stage, and in supervisory stage necessary in the process of stem cell research. In terms of giving the stem cells for research, ethical issues arise relating to informed consent.As the discussiondeclares that  stem cells may be developed in the laboratory or originate from foetuses from legal abortions. It is important to note that individual hold diverse viewpoints or opinions on whether stem cells ought to be used in research and treatment. Conversely, there are people who donate their foetuses, for instance those involved in miscarriages, to be used for research. However, they may hold reservations on how stems cells from the foetus ought to be used. It is therefore imperative for scientists to ensure they obtain informed consent from these donors. Concerns have arisen that most o f those who sign the consent form rarely understand the content of the forms.  There are ethical issues relating to destruction of embryos and their creation in the laboratory for use in research. There are concerns among groups of people all over the world that developing embryos in the laboratory with the main objective of using them in research is infringement into the rights of the foetus or embryo.  Many people also believe that a child ought to be the product of both man and woman.

The Four Stages of Life as a Hindu Research Paper

The Four Stages of Life as a Hindu - Research Paper Example Overall, the first three stages aim for an appreciation of life, while the fourth one is centered upon the rejection of life and the attainment of wisdom. During the first three stages of Hindu life, one is expected to observe the â€Å"dharma† or the laws of morality and the â€Å"sistacara† or the ideal social culture (Jhingran 77). Only Hindu males, however, are expected to undergo the four stages (76). Overall, the first three stages only include men and not women. Nevertheless, wives may participate with their husbands’ role beginning with the second stage. (â€Å"The Four Stages†) The first stage is the student stage, or Brahmacharya, where a Hindu male is expected to live and study with a guru or teacher for several years (â€Å"The Four Stages†). Normally, a high caste Hindu male undergoes the student stage from the age of 8 to 12 years old up to about 18 to 24 years old (â€Å"Hinduism†). This is the stage where the student serves th e guru and shows respect to his teacher, as well as develop the habits, skills and practical knowledge he needs for the succeeding stages (â€Å"Hinduism†). Moreover, it is during this stage that the student begins studying the Vedas, or the sacred Hindu texts. (â€Å"The Four Stages†) It is actually only the Brahmins who are supposed to study and memorize huge portions of the Vedas as well as the accompanying texts, while at the same time undergoing training in the various Hindu rituals. Moreover, these Brahmins, as well as all other members of the other castes, learn the procedure for setting up and maintaining their own household worship, which are centered on the holy fire of Agni, the Hindu god of fire and receiver of sacrifices. (â€Å"The Four Stages†) It is interesting to note that the study of the Vedas applies only to those who belong to the â€Å"twice-born† castes, or the upper three castes – the Brahmins, the Kshatriyas and the Vaishya s – or only those to whom the religion applied in the Vedas applies. The Shudras, or the servants of upper castes and peasants, are therefore excluded from the study of the Vedas (â€Å"Social Organization†). On the other hand, members of the twice-born castes, before they become a student, undergo a certain ceremony called the thread ceremony, where the initiate wears a red thread over his left shoulder. This is symbolic of the formal and official entrance of a young boy into Hinduism. The thread ceremony is a kind of samskara or ritual not only ordains a young boy into Hinduism but also confers in him the quality of being reborn and permits him to hear the sacred Vedas for the first time and learn his first mantra. (â€Å"The Four Stages†) The student at this stage is also expected to remain celibate (Sharma 28). The means of which is to preserve the semen, which is the â€Å"vital fluid of life,† and the purpose of preserving this vital fluid is to hav e â€Å"glowing faces, reddish or pinkish countenance, strong muscles and bones, [and] proportionally built healthy bodies† (29-30). Overall the ultimate purpose of the student stage is the development of three aspects of a young person’s self and personality: body, mind and intellect. (30) Lastly, the student is expected to avoid any form of luxury or pleasures, and to practice forgiveness, perseverance and self-control. He is also expected to develop control of emotions like anger and jealousy. (Jhingran 78) After the

Social Media encourages Narcissism, leading society to a word with no Research Paper

Social Media encourages Narcissism, leading society to a word with no personal interaction - Research Paper Example However, there are several states upon which the social media shall be integrated into the encouragement of Narcissism; hence, lead to a world with no personal interactions. Social media networks are the most to blame for the narcissism that is being witnessed among people based on their endless encouragement of the self-reliance on user-generated content; hence, the promotion of selfish tendencies. Narcissistic personality disorder has led to scholars such as Twenge, and Campbell do research on the causes of this situation. According to the two, Narcissism is brought about by four main methods; Media obsession with the celebrities, changes in education, child-rearing and last but not least lending of funds by the financial institutions. Twenge and Campbell have quite a large amount of data that show how narcissism has greatly influenced the younger generation in the wrong direction. Among the evidence collected by about fifty thousand college students in 2006, approximately ten percent of the Americans met narcissism personality disorder in their early 20s and about 15% in the same cohort had extreme narcissistic behaviors. May this was the reason why DSM-V proposed that personality disorder was normal (p. 274). In this regard, social media is the most platform to be largely blamed for the rise of narcissism in that through it, persons are only interested with self-consciousne ss and interactive life based on gratification of personal and not societal interests. Social media encourage narcissism through the destruction of the social networks initially encountered in homes. In recent past, few families spend time together talking since the larger portion of their time is overtaken by activities in the social media and technological advancements. This way, it can be argued that narcissistic personality disorder is a menace to the younger and older generations. About two-thirds of the college students are victims of the situation brought about by narcissism

Discussion Forum Chapter 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Forum Chapter 6 - Essay Example To begin with, there are usually frustration benches installed along the pedestrians’ footpaths and parks in most cities; they are meant to be used by every member of the public-disabled, homeless or not. Since I do not possess my own home, meaning I do not have a place to rest both day and night times, I will use this as my weapon. The first thing I can do to alter public space on these benches is to ask anyone seated on any of these benches to create space for me to sleep (lay on the bench). The benches are meant for sitting and the act of sleeping on them may attract the attention of the public especially during the day time. Additionally, I may also use the sense of being homeless to create tension and attract the attention of security personnel in restricted areas or areas that areas that requires high levels of security such as banks and the transportation sector. In this aspect, I may use the idea of homelessness to cause tension and commotion by comfortably sleeping along the pavements of the banking halls or even sitting idly on the passengers’ lounge for long hours and in some cases even sleeping on the seats. Indeed such an action may not only attract the attention of the security guards but also the attention of the

E-Business and E-Commerce Web Apps Essay Example for Free

E-Business and E-Commerce Web Apps Essay Identify E-Business and E-Commerce Web Apps for Planned Transformation Up-North Fishing Outfitters (UNFO) is the premier source for those fishing in northern Michigan. They provide equipment, watercraft, safety gear, and other products for local and tourist anglers. UNFO wants to pursue an e-business model to realize additional revenue streams, reduce costs, and improve customer service. With the full support of senior management, the IT department has been tasked to identify e-business and e-commerce web applications to support the proposed transformation. Having a presence on the web will open UNFO up to a wider array of customers. There are a number of free e-commerce software packages out there, but using them would require some technicians in the IT department to know how to customize, deploy and secure them. Some of the free packages are Apache OFBiz (Java), Magento (PHP), Spree Commerce (Ruby), and OpenCart (PHP). The free packages are the most cost efficient way for an e-commerce solution. Most companies advertise that they are low cost for the obvious reasons. Integrated Systems Management Inc. (ISM) boasts a low cost solution that has been â€Å"helping companies in diverse industries to use the Internet to streamline business processes, reduce costs, increase customer loyalty and satisfaction, improve their bottom line, and expand their Web presence.†* ISM will design, build, deploy, enhance, maintain, and even host and manage (if desired) your Web-based applications. Some security concerns would include cross-site scripting, exposure of PII and financial information. If a free option is chosen and management and maintenance are kept in-house, then technicians should be properly trained on how to best protect the web site and how to recognize fraudulent transactions. If control of the site will be outsourced, then the organization selected should be reputable, and UNFO and the selected organization should work together to ensure security of the information while it is in transit. Another concern would be storage of the information once it is collected. UNFO must ensure that they remain compliant with the regulations and laws that govern privacy and financial transactions. Failing compliancy could be costly in both money and reputation. Storage and backups should be a part of UNFO’s disaster recovery plan.

Summary Of Leadership Style Toshiba Commerce Essay

Summary Of Leadership Style Toshiba Commerce Essay My leadership style is participative style according by survey. In my view my participative leadership style is appropriate for my work place. Participative leadership style helps all team members to participate in decision-making. This helps us to get proper solution for the problem and also encourage team member to share their ideas, opinion and thoughts which help in progress of organization. It will help to motivate team members and engaged them in process of organization. This style helps me work co-operatively with my subordinates. My current leadership style works out to be Participative or democratic. I have completed two surveys online (completed surveys attached with this plan), and based on the results I got from the surveys I can say that my current leadership style works out to be Participative. According to me participative style is good for work place but sometime it make me weaker, when new member come in work and they are not more experienced and skilled. But at that time I have to give more time to develop their skill by giving guidance. For that I have to communicate and provide more guidance to that member at work place. I have completed one surveys online (completed surveys attached with this plan), and based on the results I got from the surveys I can say that my current leadership style works out to be Participative. My current strengths based on the surveys are situational management, delegation of authority and collaborative effort but The main areas I need to improve communication and pressure handling. Participative leadership style is the leadership style where a leader gives subordinates the opportunity to fully participate in decision making process. It is used by various influential leaders throughout the globe, making it one of the most widely used leadership style. Participative style is a very useful tool to promote employee satisfaction and employee morale. Leadership theories Leadership theories can be described as different ways to leadership and how leaders are created and how different types of leaders lead leader are by born or they are made .There are many different theories of leadership proposals, but I chose the most quoted of all three. We will explain in detail a bit Transformation leaders Business leaders to create a high-performance workforce is becoming increasingly important, and to do so beyond the job requirements and encourage the kind of organization should be able to. Injury strain the new concept of leadership Leadership As a result, being one of them. Teams, departments, divisions, and the entire organization: variant leadership can be found at all levels of the organization. These leaders the vision, inspiration, daring, risk the same, and thoughtful thinkers. They are equipped with a charismatic charm, Charisma alone is not enough to change the way the organization operating. For major changes, transformation leaders should exhibit the following four elements: Inspirational Motivation:  The foundation of transformational leadership is the promotion of consistent vision, mission, and a set of values to the members. Their vision is so compelling that they know what they want from every interaction. Transformational leaders guide followers by providing them with a sense of meaning and challenge. They work enthusiastically and optimistically to foster the spirit of teamwork and commitment. Idealized Influence:  They believe in the philosophy that a leader can influence followers only when he practices what he preaches. The leaders act as role models that followers seek to emulate. Such leaders always win the trust and respect of their followers through their action. They typically place their followers needs over their own, sacrifice their personal gains for them, ad demonstrate high standards of ethical conduct. The use of power by such leaders is aimed at influencing them to strive for the common goals of the organization. Individualized Consideration:  Leaders act as mentors to their followers and reward them for creativity and innovation. The followers are treated differently according to their talents and knowledge. They are empowered to make decisions and are always provided with the needed support to implement their decisions. Situational leadership theory The situational leadership theory developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. The model shows that the management of employees skills and work readiness of the individual employee and no one needs leadership style better to adjust. It is the model of situational leadership theory; managers can adjust their direction according to the needs of employees and implementation of effective leadership based on the situational context of Basa. The heart of the model leaders should review their followers to support the trailer on the basis of needs and opportunities. In this way, developing their skills of their followers, and of course, is more qualified, mature and independent. Participative Theories Participative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the input of others into account. These leaders encourage participation and contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and committed to the decision-making process. In participative theories, however, the leader retains the right to allow the input of others. Role model Mahatma Gandhi https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQlpB3bL3Wo6cXgRDUX6wmbLPlza54Vz8nMg7i45jR6aL85ABTFzznrrAXjKxScktV9LM3mhmdzwRcmqFyH31ePYRX5_cxiFrMMl6zsdK_40wT3ELZaEWf-EdluAmRsJxzjtjyXeX-e7GJ/+gandhi+image.jpg+%252814%2529.jpg Mahatma Gandhi is generally considered one of the most influential world leader from humble beginning he gained world prominence helped achieve independent for India and left a lasting legacy for us all. many of Gandhis core principles are remarkably relevant. This is especially true of Gandhi thoughts and practice in the realm of leadership competencies and self development. He famous quote live as if you were to die tomorrow learn as if you were to live forever His thinking was Non violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind According to Mahatma Gandhi was democratic leadership style . His leadership was over a whole country. A country of over 30 crore people.   It started in 1915 when he returned from South Africa where he was an advocate. In South Africa, he became acutely aware   of the inequalities and ignominies trusted upon Indians and blacks by the White men. He was not a leader who did not listen to his subordinates. He had emphatically said that India could not be divided and if it had to be done, it would be over his dead body. But, when the rest of the leadership   put forward the theory of partition being the only solution to the imbroglio of Hindu-Muslim divide, he thought over it thoroughly and saw the inevitability of it and gave his nod. More than than anything else, he was a leader without a thought for himself. He could have become anything he wanted in the government. It says something for him that no one even suggested that he become the prime minister or the president. He would have laughed his head off! He was not even present during the change of guard ceremony on   the night of August 15, 1947. He was with the poor victims of caste violence in Calcutta! He was, after all, one of the people, not a leader! Vision :- Gandhis vision was for and independent India made up of peaceful and self sufficient villages. Gandhi encouraged inclusion of the untouchable class. He encouraged people to return to traditional Indian lifestyles and to create their own goods withing their villages. Mission:-   Let me read you his personal mission statement: Let the first act of every morning be to make the following resolve for the day: I shall not fear anyone on Earth. I shall fear only God. I shall not bear ill will toward anyone. I shall not submit to injustice form anyone. I shall conquer untruth by truth and in resisting untruth, I shall put up with all suffering. but this is his personal mission statement but his mission was freedom of India from British empires. Bhagat singh http://www.hindustantimes.com/Images/2011/6/10dec771-9cd8-448f-b7d0-4245f4389708HiRes.JPG On the other side we will talk about Bhagat singh ji. He was one of the freedom fighter of India same like Mahatma Gandhi but his way get freedom was different from other . Bhagat Singh believed that the rich would only get richer and the poor would only get poorer in the case if India did not adopt the socialistic approach. Bhagat Singh became the first socialist leader of the country.but he always take deision his own so He was autocratic leader. The British authority, while interrogating them, came to know about their involvement in the murder of J. P. Saunders. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were charged with the murder. Singh admitted to the murder and made statements against the British rule during the trial.   While in jail, Bhagat Singh found that the authorities were following a dual policy in treating the prisoners. The criminals of foreign origin were treated better than Indian political prisoners. As a protest, he along with some fellow prisoners declared to go on hunger strike. The strike continued for over a month and finally the British had to accept before their conditions.So this behaviour shows that is autocratic leader he didnt ask anyone in jail what he is going to do. Bhagat Singh along with other revolutionaries found responsible for the Assembly bombing and murder of Saunders. On March 23, 1931, Bhagat Singh was hanged in Lahore with his fellow comrades Rajguru and Sukhdev. Singh was cremated at Hussainiwala on banks of Sutlej river. In terms of leadership styles,  Bhagat Singhs was a more entrepreneurial , go-it-alone style. leadership by example, self-sacrifice, with a pro-active plan. Gandhis was more persuasion and extracting the lowest common denominator across different segments of the masses. in general, if one had to choose, one might prefer the Gandhi method of taking people along on your decisions. only thing then is that the plan better be a good one. if any problem was in Gandhis plan was that a carefully slow one. not sure also that it wasnt just a series of adhoc reactions to various events along the way. Gandhi makes people his power but on other side Bhagat singh who take his decision on his own. Evaluation of two leaders with my leadership style and values Quality Mahatma Gandhi Bhagat singh Rajbir Singh Personal values kindness Determination Discipline Simplicity ambition competency integrity service responsibility hard worker Teamwork Loyalty Satisfying others Improvement Personal Beliefs Truth   Nonviolence   Vegetarianism   Brahmacharya   Simplicity   Faith   work in team violence for freedom open mind Revolution freedom fighter Every work should be Done in a perfect way 2. A teamwork is always Helpful to achieve a Goal 3. First deserve than desire 4. Always believe in yourself And dont expect much from Others 5. Life is small be happy and make Other happy. Personal Attitudes 1.Political minded 2.Helping others 3.Devotional 4.Visionry 5.Kindness NON Political minded Beauty lover Aggressive Helpfulness Interested 1.Aggresive 2.Fun loving 3.Logical 4 Political minded 5.Enthusiastic Personal Traits l. Helpful 2.kind 3.devotional 1.visionary 2.Innovative 3. Fun loving 1.logical 2.Rightness 3.Helpful Benchmarking Criteria Benchmarking Tools Leadership is a measureless scope that has no boundaries none can actually describe its area, method, traits, or other specifications. Benchmarking tools is very useful when people want to know where they stand but benchmarking tool is basically comparison with you and other leader or people characteristics. Communication:-communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another.  . Many of the problems can be occur in an organization are the either the direct result of people failing to communicate and/or processes, which leads to confusion and can cause good plans to fail. Dedication:-   dedication means spending whatever time or energy is necessary to accomplish the task at hand. A leader inspires dedication by example, doing whatever it takes to complete the next step toward the vision. Openness:- openness means being able to listen to new ideas, even if they do not conform to the usual way of thinking. Good leaders are able to suspend judgment while listening to others ideas, as well as accept new ways of doing things that someone else thought of it.open to talk with their followers. Decision making:-Good leader also need to have ability to make a good decision making. Decision making is vital tools of benchmarking. Confidence:-confidence means you have to believe in yourself and i can do this sprit I know it sounds unoriginal, but confidence makes the leader. If you dont your charges will begin to question whether or not you know what you are talking about. Patience:- If you explain a task or situation to your staff and they dont understand, then clarify it for them. Its not their fault that they dont understand your instructions can be wrong. Good leader need to have patience to get results.   Loyalty:- This is something that you expect of your leader. It is also something that your leader expect from you. loyalty is the part of happiness. Loyalty makes good relations with leader and follow Responsibility:- some leaders are more responsible than other .  Leaders are willing to bear the ultimate responsibility for  their undertakings. They dont point the finger of blame when things go twisted. Benchmarking I have created a table below which shows how I rate myself against the benchmarking criteria listed above. For excellence, the rate is 5 For good, the rate is 4 For average, the rate is 3 For below average, the rate is 2 For poor, the rate is 1 For poor, the rate is 1 S. No Benchmarking Criteria Rating 1. Communication 4 2. Dedication 5 3. Openness 4 4. Decision making 3 5. Confidence 4 6. Patience 4 7. Loyalty 2 8. Responsibility 4 Rationale for Benchmarking For communication I rated myself 4 because communication is always two way process between two living things. At my workplace without communication u cant work in field. My co-workers at my work place also try to be like me. I always focus on my job first other than doing something else. In dedication I rate myself 5 because if i am loyal to someone or something, such as a job. To work hard towards a goal with little thought to other matters, example like : He was so dedicated to his job that he never had any free time. openness is very good quality of leaders. I am very open to talk with everyone at my workplace fun loving man. Anyone can talk with me at any time about anything. At my work place sometime I have to take decision on my own basis without any interruption from others. sometime its hard to take decision sometime easy. like i am working for watercare and i have to turn off water of key account most of the time we try to avoid to turn off the water of key account let me ex plain you little bit what is key account like storage of fuel place like one at end of viaduct harbour. If i have turn off water i will make my call by myself , I have to sort out that problem on the spot. So it is improving my decision making ability. Also when my boss tells me about new job or how to tackle with different situations I listen to them very carefully to avoid problem in future, which shows I have good listening skills and its my responsible level at workplace. Reflection leader are made or leader born this question always in debate. But according me can be made or they are by born. Time has ability to change everything .my leadership style is participative leadership style i like to work in teams. where every one working together on common goal. Sometime I behave as a leader in my house sometime at my working place and sometime at my collage. I used to compare myself with my supervisor and always notice their work that how he complete his work. And after analysing all this I feel I need to learn a lot in terms of leadership. Sometimes I feel great when I performed my duties like by boss. I day in my life i will be become a good leader. To achieve this I am doing lots of study on great leaders in the world that will help in future . Personal Development Plan Opportunities (Goals) Short-term Goals To pass out my diploma in business level 5 from (Kiwi Institute of training and Education) Start my other course water reticulation level 4 Get two year work permit. Get permanent resident of NZ. work on myself confidence. Long term goals I want to do plumbing course in Newzealand. Setup my own plumbing business. Buy my own house. World tour. Rationale To pass out my diploma in business level 5:- First thing i need to complete my course soon as possible because my company is offering me a good job that is good for my future. Start my other course water reticulation level 4 :- After this business diploma my company is offering me water reticulation level 4 course that will give me more knowledge about my work. Get two year work permit:- I need apply two year work permit hope so they will give me. Get permanent resident of NZ :-After all this if everything will go right i will apply for P.R . Work on myself confidence:- Sometime i loose myself confidence even know that i can do it. Plumbing course in Newzealand:- In long-term goal i will do plumbing course from M.I.T that will help me in future. Setup my own plumbing business. After i done my plumbing course i would like to set up my own business. Buy my own house. Everyone have dream to buy a their own home same like other i had dream of buy my own home. World tour. I like to go for world tour but this is my long term plan. Strategies I am more practical then theatrical person I like to do things practically rather than theatrically to pass business diploma I am doing hard work in study. To get this Opportunities i did very hardwork in company in hole company there is only two person with this course. For my work permit i already ask my boss he is ready to help me as soon i will finish my this course. Confident level is this kind of goal that I have to improve by myself by picking up hard job but in this method i have to make sure that i will be not get overconfident. In long term goal i want study in plumbing course in NZ previous year I tried to get admission in plumbing but they gave to only permanent resident people so I have to my permanent resident first. My leadership style is participative style working in teams or in group together delegating work to other so in long term plan I will try to open my own plumbing business. I am going to start saving for my world tour i like to go around the world amd meet different people. Time frame Whether you are on course to complete the work in accordance with the agreed  time frame. To accomplish several tasks in a limited frame of time you need to make short term plan of achieving these goals. Have an everyday to -do- list and make sure that the tasks on your list are accomplished daily. You need to sacrifice and also discipline yourself and then you will achieve. My short term goal and short term goal are related to each other if one of them not complete or some problem in it then other one cant complete them I will make a Time Frame on the basis of my leadership skills and knowledge. I will check time to time whether I am achieving the goals , If I am not hitting the goals then i will find out the reason. Measures

alittle store :: essays research papers

Adam Smith had many views that helped in making the world what it is today. I can’t imagine what the world would be like if there weren’t thinkers like Adam Smith. Going to college would be pointless and trying to be something more than a cashier in a little store down the street would be pointless. What would we be working so hard for if we made the same amount of money as when we were sixteen working in that little store? He had many other views that were just as important but this was a big interest to me as probably to many others. Smith believed that a nation's wealth was not derived by how much they had in resources, or in exchangeable products, but rather by the labor that people put into making that product. "The annual labor of every nation is the fund which originally supplies it with all the necessaries and conveniences which it annually consumes." Smith stated that a nation could increase the efficiency of the potential of its people by increasing skill and proportion. Smith noted that the best way to increase the efficiency of labor is the division of labor. The division of labor is the central factor in Smith’s theory of economic growth. Division of labor is the splitting of a large task into smaller tasks and then having one person is responsible for only one or two of the smaller tasks, which leads to an increase in productivity and stimulates the entire growth cycle, which increases the efficiency of the whole task. The division of labor and the accumulation of capital are what Adam Smith believed to be the driving forces of economic growth in any nation. He found that when the division of labor had broken down the production into a series of simple operations it was more natural for tools and machinery to be invented that replace hand labor and made everything go faster. Then it increased worker productivity. This increased productivity and combined with the growing production so it increased output. This made more resources available to society to enjoy higher standards of living standard of living and products were not as scarce as they once were. Then Smith noticed that there was a huge rise in the â€Å"wealth of the nation†. Adam Smith stated that what a product is worth depends on the amount of labor that must be used to make that product.

Insanity in The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe Essay -- The Tell-T

Edgar Allen Poe's "The Tell Tale Heart" is a short story about how a murderer's conscience overtakes him and whether the narrator is insane or if he suffers from over acuteness of the senses. Poe suggests the narrator is insane by the narrator's claims of sanity, the narrator's actions bring out the narrative irony of the story, and the narrator is insane according to the definition of insanity as it applies to "The Tell Tale Heart". First, Poe suggests the narrator is insane by his assertions of sanity. For example, the narrator declares because he planned the murder so expertly he could not be insane. He says, "Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen how wisely I proceeded-with what caution-with what foresight-with what dissimulation I went to work!" In addition, every night at midnight the narrator slowly went into the room of the old man. He claims this was done so wisely that he could not be insane. The narrator thinks that if a murder is carefully planned then the murderer is not insane. Also, the narrator claims he suffers from over acuteness of the senses. Regarding the sound of the old man's beating heart, the narrator says, "And now have I not told you that what you mistake for madness is but over-acuteness of the senses? --now, I say, there came to my ears a low dull, quick sound, such as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton". The narrator claims he is n ot imagining the sound but he is hearing it because his senses are so sharp. The narrator believes he is justified in killing the old man because the man has an Evil Eye. The narrator claims the old man's eye made his blood run cold and the eye looked as if it belonged to a vulture. Poe shows the narrator is insane... ...arly shows that the narrator is insane because he heard noises, which could not possibly have occurred. As the police officers were sitting and talking in the old man's chamber, the narrator becomes paranoid that the officers suspect him of murder. The narrator says, "I could bear those hypocritical smiles no longer! I felt that I must scream or die". The narrator is deluded in thinking the officers knew of his crime because his insanity makes him paranoid. In conclusion, Poe shows the insanity of the narrator through the claims of the narrator as to why he is not insane, the actions of the narrator bring out the narrative irony of the story, and the character of the narrator fits the definition of insanity as it applies to "The Tell Tale Heart". The "Tell Tale Heart" is a story about how insanity can overtake someone's mind and cause one to behave irrationally.

Environment Analysis of Greater Manchester County Essay -- Environment

My essay focuses on the county of Greater Manchester in North West England. A thriving metropolitan area, the county has been a place of interest since its rise in the Industrial Revolution. Greater Manchester is a landlocked county in the North West region of England. The Pennine mountain range runs along its northern and eastern borders, whilst the West Pennine Moors are found on its western border. To the south lies Cheshire, a flat county with large plains left by glaciers in previous Ice Ages. Greater Manchester therefore has a graded profile, with steep mountains and hills to the north-east gradually settling out to low-lying, fertile plains in the south-west. The county’s geology consists mainly of rock from 3 geological periods; the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic, alongside glacial deposits left over from Ice Ages in the Quaternary period. The oldest rocks seem to be found in the north-east of the county, and the youngest in the south-east. The Permian and Triassic rocks laid down are indicative of hot, desert conditions with the formation of mudstones and sandstones; Red Permian sandstones are overlaid by red, brown and yellow Triassic sandstones and mudstones from the Sherwood Sandstone Group. These rocks are found mainly in southern Greater Manchester. (Natural England). Glacial till is also common in the low-lying areas to the south and west of Greater Manchester. Following frequent changes in climate in the Quaternary period, glaciers have advanced and retreated leaving a layer of glacial deposits in their wake (Natural England). These deposits were transported downstream via meltwater rivers to lowland areas, making them fertile and very useful for pastoral farming. As such, lowland areas have become popula... ...ved January 16, 2011, from Crimestop Guards: http://www.crimestopguards.co.uk/manchester.htm Geology Roam. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2011, from Edina Digimap: http://digimap.edina.ac.uk/geologymapper/geologymapper;jsessionid=2E1FABFC46F36A0FF08FE920D9377244?execution=e1s1 Greater Manchester. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2011, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Manchester#Climate Natural England. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2011, from Natural England: http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/geodiversity/englands/counties/area_ID15.aspx Seager, R. (2006). The Source of Europe's Mild Climate. American Scientist, 334 - 341. UK Mine & Quarry Listout - North West England. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2011, from UK Mine & Quarry Listout - North West England: http://www.aditnow.co.uk/mines-quarries-uk-regions/north-west-england/

Explain the role of effective communication Essay

A common form of communication is texting. This electronic form is used every day and can be used as a replacement for voice utilized conversation if the communicator is unable to speak. Another form of communication is drama. Drama is an expressive art and is often used as a way to allow people to express themselves emotionally in meaningful ways or to relay a message. Sign language is an important form of communication as it aids communication with individuals who are unable to hear or speak. It consists of the use of the hands forming different shapes, movements or symbols to represent a word or phrase and it becoming increasingly popular. In health and social care, effective communication is essential and significant as it ensures that workers are doing their jobs correctly and patients are in good care. This means that workers need to communicate with a wide range of people such as colleagues, professionals, workers from different agencies and patients. When communicating with colleagues, health and social worker need to make sure they are being polite and respectful as not only does this build a strong working relationship, but it is also a way of practicing how to speak to patients and others who use the services. Having a strong working relationship with colleagues ensures that health and social workers are able to listen effectively which is highly important as they will need to know and remember important information about their job and patients. It also helps to build trust as, like with patients, workers must try to keep and respect the confidentiality of others. People who work in professions often have ‘language communities’. A ‘language community’ is a professions individual form of communication that contains unique words and phrases that are particular to that profession. When health and social workers are communicating with people from different professions it is easy for them to misunderstand each other, there for it is important for the workers to listen carefully and check to ensure that they understood correctly to avoid and problems later on. Likewise, health and social workers also need to make sure that when they are communicating with patients and others who use the services that they are explaining themselves properly and not using their community language so the patients will understand. Also, when  communicating with professionals from different agencies, it is important for health and social workers to be aware that not everyone is from the same language community so it is necessary to take extra care and communicate in a way that everyone will understand. There are two types of interpersonal interaction; verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication most often refers to speech. People from different areas, backgrounds and professions often have different variations of speech depending on the words and phrases that they use; this is known as a ‘language community’. Although this brings people together, it can also shut them out and make people feel excluded. An example of this would be that health and social workers are all part of a language community however this could be a barrier to those who are not such as patients for example. In speech many people use their mother tongue or first language which is the language that they grew up knowing and speaking. However, some people are open to a second language that they may have learnt later on. Although this has its advantages, it is said that people who use their second language as opposed to those who use their first, cannot communicate their thoughts as effectively. Non-verbal communication can take many forms such as a person’s posture and body language, the gestures they use, their facial expressions and their ability to listen. Through non-verbal communication, people can often tell how others are feeling, for example happy, sad or even tense. A person’s body language can include their posture, proximity and movement which all send out messages. Sitting up straight can often mean a person is listening and they are attentive where as if a person was to slouch it would send out the message that they are bored or not paying attention. This is similar to other movements such as nodding your head. The way a person moves also conveys messages such as walking quickly may be recognised as stress or a lack of posture may mean a person is tired. The proximity between two people when they communicate also reveals information. If two people who are socially distant or do not have a close relationship are talking, they may stand further apart as to be polite and not get into each other space however if two people are very close they may feel they can close the distance and be a little more intimate.

Baseball and Antitrust Laws Essay

Any commerce with operations spanning state boundaries, thus undertaking interstate trade, is governed by antitrust laws. Efforts at monopolizing and controlling trade could be regarded unlawful by national circuit courts as per the Clayton and Sherman Acts. Baseball has always been immune from such antitrust regulations from 1922, upon the Supreme Court’s verdict made baseball winner in Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore, Inc. v. National Baseball Clubs. It was determined that although planning of sports was done across State boundaries, such games constituted intrastate occasions since movement from state to state was not essential (Falk, 1994). The antirust immunity bars MLB from being legally challenged because of national antirust braches. Unless such immunity is removed by Congress, baseball proprietors make whatever decisions they wish because no antirust-related legal proceedings can be instituted against them. Whenever the proprietors attempt to modify baseball, the MLBPA quickly comes in to claim that they were not consulted (Bendix, 2008). Despite the fact that proprietors may do whatever they wish disregarding antitrust regulations, nothing which breaches the Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) can be done. Such agreement requires that almost each dispute be mediated, like it is done with numerous labor deals. If the antirust immunity of baseball was cancelled, would this mean the changing of baseball? This is unlikely since the same regulations that govern NHL, NFL, and NBA would continue to govern baseball. The USA at the moment has antitrust regulations meant to bar businesses from controlling specific markets. Nevertheless, US baseball market has been monopolized by key league baseball for ages, thus preventing upcoming players from actually gaining footage. The US Supreme Court has defended Major League Baseball’s (MLB) liberty to monopolize in a number of instances. MLB remains the sole US monopoly in numerous ways, and has remained so from its beginning. Upon the 1903 merger of the National League (NL) with the American League (AL), such partnership immediately proved successful. Such success was surely bound to invite imitation. Therefore a different baseball league almost immediately demonstrated willingness to challenge the NL/AL monopoly. The Federal League began as an insignificant league; however, it espoused key intentions (Anderson, 2002). By 1914, numerous individuals regarded such Federal League to be a main league; the league itself desired to officially confirm this. The Federal League (FL) took legal action against Major League Baseball on 5th January 1915 for disrupting their efforts at hiring players who were between agreements that is, not governed by the Reserve Clause, from the American National League, citing national antitrust law. The case was heard by Kennesaw Mountain Landhis, reputed for his firm observance of the law. However, Ladhis was as well a big fan of Chicago Cubs. He knew that the Federal League’s case was a justifiable one, however, his favorite team, the Cubs, would suffer if FL won the case, and thus Ladhis kept such case under advisement as opposed to immediately issuing a verdict. The FL’s 19156 collapse made everyone happy. The Baltimore Federal League license proprietors tried to buy out a team of the Major League (ML) only to be rejected. They subsequently attempted to purchase a franchise of the International league; they were once more rejected. The proprietor of White Sox, Chalets Chomsky, offended Baltimore city by saying that the metropolis constituted a bad and insignificant league. Charles Ebbets, the proprietor of Dodgers, added to the insult by stating that the metropolis was among the worst insignificant league metropolis because of having excess colored people. The perspective proprietors then took legal action against ML baseball, alleging a scheme to tear down the FL. In April 1919, a law court declared the Baltimore proprietors the winners of the suit, thus awarding them damages worth $240,000. An appeal was instituted in 1920, with the appeal ruling being made in 1921 (Barra, 2003). The 1921 ruling nullified the decision of the junior court and declared that baseball did not constitute the type of trade national law ought to standardize. The US Supreme Court endorsed such a ruling on May 22nd 1922, thus strengthening baseball’s antitrust immunity. In the Federal Baseball Club v. National League, the Supreme Court gave the verdict that ML baseball remained immune from the Sherman Antitrust Act provisions. Following the 1915 folding of the FL, majority of the FL proprietors were purchased by proprietors within the other MLs, or had received compensation in other modes. For instance, St. Louis FL owner was authorized to purchase the St Louis Browns. Baltimore Federal League club owner did not get this authorization and hence he took legal action against the American league, National League, as well as additional defendants, such as a number of FL officials. The suit alleged a plot to dominate baseball through demolishing the FL (Rovell, 2001). The listed defendants were declared jointly answerable, with $80,000 worth of damages assessed. The figure was tripled to total $240,000 as per the Clayton Antitrust Act provisions. Such immunity, as well as the monopoly of MLB, was unchallenged up to 1972. Curt Flood took legal action against baseball following his sale to Philadelphia Phillies from the Saint Louis Cardinals following 1969’s season. Such a case ultimately reached the Supreme Court, where the initial decision was endorsed with Congress left to rectify the inconsistency. Despite the fact that Flood did not win the case, he set the precedence for wage negotiation, and immediately afterwards, free action. At the moment free agency survives, however such antitrust immunity is as well law. Baseball was not to be awarded antitrust immunity if the Baltimore League squad owners had been reimbursed after the league was disbanded. All other squad’s proprietors were compensated with the exception of Baltimore, thus prompting their filing of the initial antitrust lawsuit. Such immunity is suspect, and several observers are convinced that it may once more be upheld in a law court. Nevertheless, from the Flood case of 1972, no any one case has been even close to being heard at the Supreme Court (Barra, 2006). In addition MLB’s domination has not been challenged by any league since the 1950s unsuccessful Continental League. The National Federal League has been engrossed in majority of the major antitrust court cases, such as, its lawsuits against the US Football League. Such cases have demonstrated that antitrust lawsuits are not essentially fatal. Despite that fact that the NFL lost the two cases, numerous lawsuits have been previously won by sports leagues. In antitrust lawsuits, such leagues have to demonstrate that they did not breach antitrust regulations through demonstrating that their activities generally, served to promote contest more as opposed to inhibiting it. Despite the fact that Al Davis legally defeated the NFL, the NFL could as well have emerged victorious if it possessed an unambiguous guidelines and adhered to them rather than acting because they particularly disliked Al Davis (Bartree, 2005). In addition, despite the fact that USFL legally beat NFL, a mere $3 worth of damages was awarded. If the US Congress completely revokes the antirust immunity of baseball, some interesting enduring consequences could result. Firstly, the key leagues are to be affected. Insignificant-league baseball t the moment relies on the ongoing presence of the Reserve Clause , which permits major-league teams to legally control players even following the expiry of the players’ contracts. Such Reserve Clause permits the existence of deep insignificant-league structures within baseball by permitting such teams to control numerous players not in their key-league rosters. NBA and NFL do not have any minor-league structures. Hockey has insignificant-league squads; however, such are mediated into the joint bargaining of hockey with the players. The Reserve Clause is likely to be legally challenged if the antitrust immunity of baseball is lost. In case such clause is determined to breach antitrust regulations, baseball squads could be forced surrender the legal claims to a number of or even every of their insignificant-league players. With no interest to develop the team members whom they formerly controlled, big-league squads would be less motivated to offer support to their insignificant-league partners through subsidizing their activities (Blum, 2001). This has thus made insignificant leagues lobby Congress to uphold the antitrust immunity of baseball. Without such immunity insignificant leagues would be forced to modify their activities, to become more similar to free insignificant early 1900s leagues rather than be under MLB. Proprietors would have no power regarding discussing with team members due to lack of legal standing to possess a Reserve Clause. When squads have no rights over team members, there will be less willingness to recruit high school players and accord them 4 or 5 development years, particularly if they are forced to dwell much on major league rosters. This could imply a major impetus fro baseball in colleges, and perhaps also for global baseball leagues (Rovell, 2001). Such would form the major MLB’s propagation ground as has been for basketball and football. If the antitrust immunity is revoked, franchise transfer, and particularly contraction, would from the greatest challenge. Close to thirty years have elapsed since a single baseball squad relocated from one metropolis to the other. Since that time, the other 3 games have progressed since the antitrust immunity grants baseball proprietors extra authority to bar squads from relocating than the proprietors have within other games. Such authority was especially apparent in 1992 at the time when the Tampa/St. Petersburg Vince Piazza’s group wanted to purchase the Giants from Bob Lurie at $115 million. The proprietors declined to allow such sale, and then compelled Lurie to accept $100 million from Peter Mogowan for the squad. Piazza instituted legal proceedings against MLB, actually winning the initial round of the case. The court stated that the antitrust immunity did not cover relocations (Belth, 2001). However, the Curt Flood Act currently holds that immunity does touch on relocations. Absence of antitrust immunity makes it hard to bar teams from relocating by the MLB. Attempts to block relocations would surely be met with lawsuits instituted by the cities or teams that were attempting to relocate. Baseball would be tasked with the responsibility to demonstrating that barring such relocation would benefit contest, plus that the resolution was founded on unambiguous guidelines. If Congress repealed the immunity, the contraction war would most likely not be based on Twin’s release and labor deals. Contraction challengers would posit that the proprietors were attempting to get rid of 2 competitors so as to raise profits; this is a typical antitrust breach (Falk, 1994). The proprietors would be forced to defend such relocation arguing that they were enhancing competition within the game. It is difficult to determine whether America or baseball would benefit if the antitrust immunity of baseball is revoked. Attorneys would surely benefit owing to increased lawsuits. The proprietors would benefit since the MLB has previously won against attempts to revoke the immunity and Congress always takes it time. References Anderson, P. (2002). Recent major league baseball contraction cases. Retrieved august 4th 2009, from http://law. marquette. edu/cgi-bin/site. pl? 2130&pageID=474 Barra, A. (2003). Policy debate: Should the antitrust exemption be eliminated? Retrieved august 4th 2009, from http://swcollege. com/bef/policy_debates/baseball. html Barra, A. (2006). Policy debate: Should the antitrust exemption be eliminated? Retrieved august 4th 2009, from http://www. swlearning. com/economics/policy_debates/baseball. html Bartree, H. (2005). The role of antirust laws in the professional sports industry from a financial perspective. Retrieved august 4th 2009, from http://www. thesportjournal. org/article/role-antitrust-laws-professional-sports-industry-financial-perspective Belth, A. (November 26th 2001). Ending baseballs antitrust exemption. Retrieved august 4th 2009, from http://courses. cit. cornell. edu/econ352jpw/readme/Baseball%20Prospectus%20-%20Ending%20Baseball%27s%20Antitrust%20Exemption. htm Bendix, P. (December 3rd 2008). The history of baseball’s antitrust exemption. Retrieved august 4th 2009, from http://www. beyondtheboxscore. com/2008/12/3/678134/the-history-of-baseball-s Blum, R. (June 12th 2001). Why is the antitrust exemption important? Retrieved august 4th 2009, from http://www. usatoday. com/sports/baseball/stories/2001-12-05-antitrust-explanation. htm

Metamorphosis and Existentialism Essay

Existentialism is defined as a modern philosophical movement stressing the importance of one’s experience and accountability. Its focus is the make on the personal reflections that these make on the individual, who is seen as a free agent in a deterministic and seemingly meaningless universe. Its philosophy is meticulous that, in a nutshell, advocates a diverse arsenal of responses and solutions to the ‘existentialist attitude’; which, essentially, is what an individual feels when confronted by the absurdity of life. Throughout humanity, rumination and self-proclaimed ‘ultimate’ truths have assumed various forms: poetry, religion, and numerous other doctrines and textual works. In The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka narrates the ramifications of a metamorphosis in which the subject and protagonist, a man named Gregor Samsa, is transformed into a bug. Despite the novella’s literary methods and influences, the most prominent being the way Kafka so nonchalantly describes such irregularity in his life, The Metamorphosis is also hailed as a prime textual work of existentialism, the previously mentioned philosophical movement. Both prior and subsequent to the transformation, Kafka portrays Gregor as a man who seems lost within himself, and lacking identity. The reminiscences of his past are neither nostalgic nor poignant: his human life is seen to revolve solely around trivial matters. His social life pays the price from this, his failure to assert a concrete and consistent existence. The extent of his lack of individuality is further exemplified by his reaction to the metamorphosis: finding himself â€Å"transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect† (Kafka, 296), he prioritizes work over all else, even in his newly equated insect form. Furthermore, he panics because â€Å"the next train went at seven o’clock; to catch that he would need to hurry like mad and his samples weren’t even packed up† (297). Gregor’s identity crisis is a device for conveying Kafka’s belief of an impersonal society where individualism is drastically mitigated as a result of excessive materialism. Gregor, in the context of Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Notes from Underground analogy, would be the ‘ant’ in the anthill— thus rendering his metamorphosis ironically. Another dominant theme prevalent throughout the novella is the absurd situation Gregor is confronted by. These nonsensical happenings (296-327) reflect the world as seen from the existentialist perspective: a world absent of a rational and comprehensive objective. Jean-Paul Sartre postulated that ‘every existing thing is born without reason, prolongs itself out of weakness, and dies by chance’. This meaninglessness is precisely what Gregor is victim to in the microcosm of society that Kafka generates: Gregor flounders about, beleaguered by absurdity and helplessness, presumably because he is unaware of Nietzsche and Kierkegaard’s somewhat consoling conclusions that one must devise meaning for one’s own existence ex nihilo. Once again, Kafka utilizes a combination of plot and character to convey his angst concerning an apparently pointless existence. Freedom— or rather the lack thereof— is another existentialist tenet that Kafka addresses. Gregor is depicted as someone constrained by self-imposed burdens, the most demanding being the role as the financial pillar of the family. Despite having the freedom to repudiate this role, Gregor instead pursues it with feverish ardor to the extent that it becomes his ‘sole desire’ (310). Yet his harangue regarding his career (297-298) reveals that this is not due to personal desire, but rather the belief that he must replace his father financially, regardless of preference. Gregor’s delusion regarding an absence of choice contradicts what Kafka perceives as the truth: that freedom is ubiquitous in spite of any ethical obligations we may be expected to adhere to, and that the individual defines his or herself via one’s decisions. A quasi-motto of existentialism coined by Sartre, ‘existence precedes essence’. In conclusion, Kafka employs the fictional literary elements he constructs to address the very non-fictional, existentialist aspects of society and life. Akin to Dostoyevsky’s Notes from Underground, it can be interpreted as both a rumination and tirade against impersonal communities, restriction of freedom, and the absurdity of life.

Disease in News

This article has been penned by Dr. Abigail Zuger who is an associate professor of Clinical Medicine at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (JournalWatch ® Specialties, 2010).She is also the Senior Attending Physician at St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center (JournalWatch ® Specialties, 2010). Dr.  Abigail Zuger has exhibited expertise and special interest in the infectious diseases and specifically HIV infection as can be evidenced by her role as HIV specialist and a board certified internist in infectious disease and specifically HIV.In this particular peer-reviewed article, â€Å"Can Counseling Change Heterosexual HIV Transmission Rates,† Abigail bases her argument on a program conducted specifically on African-American heterosexual couples to assess the impact, if any, of the counseling on heterosexual transmission (Zuger, 2010).It is from the findings of this study that she came up with her conclusion that there is negligible, if any, impact of counseling on heterosexual HIV transmission within a number of communities, this therefore exonerates her from blame or accusation of bias in coming up with such an argument especially bearing the fact that counseling has been enlisted by majority of countries as a tool of reducing HIV prevalence rates within their population.Introduction For almost twenty years now most people have come to know of their HIV status through the Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT), a client-initiated AIDS testing and counseling. Because of its effectiveness in creating HIV awareness almost all governments have employed it in one way or the other in their effort at decelerating the rate of this killer disease (Buckley, 2002).One thing that this article notes that most of the us might not be familiar with is that counseling has not been able to directly reduce the HIV rates; instead it has created awareness about this disease thereby making knowledge of HIV status more prevalent and enabling peop le living with HIV to join care and treatment initiative of HIV while enabling those living without it to avoid HIV exposure and remain negative (World Health Organization, 2010).Therefore Abigail argument can be interpreted to mean that HIV rates are only indirectly influenced by counseling services but not directly as some people might think, therefore there are other factors that have to be present for counseling to be effective in reducing the rates of HIV prevalence and incidence. The reason why the program that Dr. Abigail bases her opinion on was carried out on African-American community is due to the fact that HIV incidence and prevalence has been disproportionately high within this community and especially heterosexual transmission (Zuger, 2010).The article’s content This article is all about the effectiveness of counseling has a tool of reducing the incidence and prevalence of HIV, in exploring the effectiveness of this method the author analysis a program undertake n on 535 HIV serodiscordant couples to check on whether their sexual behaviors before the counseling sessions are influenced in any way by the counseling itself (Zuger, 2010).It is disappointing to note that they seem to put into effect the sexual-risk reduction measures that they are taught for only a short period (12 months) and then revert back to business has usually which explain why HIV prevalence and incidence rates are high within this community more than any other in the United States. There is little evidence that members of this community avoid high-risk sexual behaviors after a counseling session providing them with sexual-risk reduction strategies. Article’s ClaimsEven though the author makes the humble submission that there is little that counseling can do to reduced the incident and prevalence of heterosexual HIV transmission within the African American community she which she bases from a didactic program, she is quick to note that further research, most proba bly not based on education program, should be conducted to reinforce the findings of this one that she bases her argument, this is captured in the comment section of this article where she declares her reservations when it come to data taken just after a didactic program just like this one (Zuger, 2010).Article’s claims HIV treatment The article might be silent on the probable treatment of this infection but the author offers advice on the best course of action in reducing HIV infection. This is best captured when he suggest that â€Å"similar counseling tools could be streamline into a long-term effort that would have more palpable success. (Zuger, 2010)† One thing about the finding of this article that a keen observer would note is that they might not apply in all circumstances, however the Multipronged approach that the author advocates for can and should be applied in all places because of its universality.It is evident that there are some communities where members have adopted sexual-risk reduction practices permanent after attending sexual-risk reduction counseling session. I also agree with the author that didactic programs are not always the best to draw a general conclusion on matter as sensitive as a HIV transmission. This therefore denies this article a national or even a global application. The inapplicability of the finding of this article in the national or global stage is further reinforced by the lack of the any scientific evidence to support the claims that this article makes. ConclusionThis article opens a case for further investigation, based on the findings of that programs that the authors bases her arguments it is likely that HIV incidences and prevalence are not sensitive to counseling in certain setting, it might also be possible that in other settings, like Brazil for instance where counseling has positively been credited with the reduction of incidence and prevalence of HIV (AVERTing, HIV and AIDS, 2010), the prevalence and incidence of HIV have responded to counseling and testing thereby making it an important procedure not just in enabling people to know their HIV status but also in empowering those not found living with HIV with information and techniques, like sexual-risk reduction practices, that will prevent them from contacting HIV and thereby reducing its prevalence and incidence among this population. One of the reasons which cast doubt on the finding of this program that the author bases her arguments is the fact that counseling and testing have been employed in almost all places and communities where HIV prevalence and incidence have been high thereby giving it a thumb-up (literary) when it comes to reducing HIV prevalence and incidence. That is the reason why counseling has been noted to be more helpful to people who have HIV because it has taught them on how to reduce HIV exposure and remain negative majority of whom have obeyed that call and backed it with actions. ReferencesZuger, Ab igail, Can Counseling Change Heterosexual HIV Transmission Rates, Journal watch HIV/AIDS Clinical Care 26 July 2010 World Health Organization, (2010). HIV Testing and Counseling. Retrieved 9 August 2010 from http://www. who. int/hiv/topics/vct/en/index. html JournalWatch ® Specialties, (2010). About The Journal Watch HIV/AIDS Clinical Care Editorial Board. Retrieved 9 August 2010 from http://aids-clinical-care. jwatch. org/misc/board_about. dtl#aZuger AVERTing, HIV and AIDS, (2010). HIV and AIDS in Brazil. Retrieved 9 August 2010 from http://www. avert. org/aids-brazil. htm Buckley, R. Michael, (2002). HIV Infection in Primary Care. Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences

Theory and Ideology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theory and Ideology - Essay Example Thus, preventing Iran from creating and improving more machines must be done. It was during February 9, 2003 exactly at Natanz where the programs and efforts building of sophisticated facilities were revealed. There were also other cities where the construction and formation of uranium were found (Sahimi, 2003). When President Mohammad Khatami disclosed and revealed the information regarding Iran’s nuclear program, and the existence of Natanz facilities on the television, Dr. Mohammad El Baradei, the head of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) together with a team of inspectors, visited Iraq in February. The team was surprised with Iran’s high-tech devices; nuclear weapons and other instruments for mass destruction were numerous in number. This made IAEA furnish an ultimatum for Iran to reveal all the details of its nuclear activities. What made Iran’s nuclear program the center of attention to many countries was the February announcement. In addition, Unit ed States, the European Union, Russia, and Japan have been maintaining ‘closer look’ on Iran’s nuclear activities; they expressed strong demand that Iran should disclose all the information pertaining to nuclear weapons. The EU then was negotiating with Iran economic and cultural agreements, while Japan was looking after an oil agreement with Iran (Sahimi, 2003).Though United States and other allies have always been given the chance to participate with the development with Iran’s nuclear programs and to produce high class of nuclear weapons and reactors, yet they always refused--they were not certain that Iran really need nuclear energy, and use it for protecting its national interest. Last September 2009, a second uranium enrichment facility near the holy of Qom was discovered, leaving U.S and other member states suspicious of the ongoing development of nuclear machines; this revelation just confirmed the West fear that Iran would continue their ‘se cret’ undertakings. In fact, Iran has developed 4000 centrifuges (â€Å"Iran’s Uranium Enrichment,† 2009). However, the Western government has abjured their support to Iran after its nuclear development program was publicized. Consequently, Iran’s nuclear progress has depreciated. In spite the consequence, it was announced that Iran’s Darkhovin project has resumed by the Iranian officials; and a 360-megawatt reactor would be placed in that project (Bruno, 2010). Iran’s Sanction and U.S Ways to Dissuade Iran The United States used a â€Å"sharp† tooth to sanction Iran. It has imposed unilateral economic sanctions on Iran three decades ago. As mentioned earlier, U.S and the IAEA were not certain about the real purpose of nuclear weapons discovered in Iran, hence, the IAEA expressed an â€Å"absence of confidence† to Iran in September 2005. Not only member states of America have the knowledge about Iran’s growing nuclear ac tivity but also the United Nations Security Council. Iran has enough atoms to make a nuclear bomb (Broad & Sanger, 2009). Just December 2006, UN has adopted the first series of resolutions aimed to impose sanctions and punishment on Iran because of its continued manufacture of uranium--which is known to be hazardous and could be developed into nuclear weapons such as bombs and missiles. Resolution 1737 was initiated in order to bar Iran from selling or transferring those discovered sensitive nuclear technology. But on September 2008, another resolution was drafted

Family Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Family Culture - Essay Example He migrated to the US at 24 years of age with my grandmother who was 21 years old in the year 1954. Hispanic immigrants in the US have been working aged and disproportionately young (Bodvarsson and Berg, 2009, p. 319). My father was born one year later in the US. At that time, women did not work outside home; rather they took care of the domestic matters that included washing, cleaning, and babysitting the children. My grandfather taught at a public school and earned the money for the family. Being the financial provider of the family in an era when the society was primarily dominated by men, my grandfather was both the established head and the actual head of the family. My grandfather paid the bills. Since my grandmother was educated and my grandfather often did not have time to attend parent-teacher meetings, my grandmother would go whenever a teacher requested a meeting. Although the sole breadwinner of the family was my grandfather, yet he always consulted my grandmother in impor tant matters. So the disciplinary rules were primarily imposed by my grandfather, though my grandmother played an active role in maintaining them and making sure they were followed. One thing that my grandfather regrets is that he did not allow my grandmother to work. Those were difficult times since a new family was trying to fit in a new culture, and yet my grandfather did not allow my grandmother to contribute to the family financially while she was capable of doing that. However, my grandmother utilized the time she had at home reading books and journals and increasing her knowledge to the extent that she could administer quite a lot of home remedies successfully. She learnt the names of botanical herbs to cure different sorts of illnesses and diseases. To maintain good health, my grandparents placed a lot of emphasis on physical workout, particularly walk. In the 1950s, cars and vehicles were not as common as they are today. Most of the people walked their way to their homes an d offices. My grandparents used to walk as much in a day that I probably walk in three days. Other than that, the family of my grandparents consumed organic diet and primarily vegetables. My grandmother is a strict vegetarian to date and is in very good health. Things changed in my family culture 25 years later when my father completed his graduation. While my grandfather had got married at the age of 24, my father did not marry until the age of 32 years. My mother was also 30 years of age at the time of marriage. Both of my parents work and support the family financially. While the established head of our family is my father, the actual head is my mother. When a teacher requests a meeting, sometimes both go and sometimes either of the two goes, depending upon who is available. In our family, accountability is collective and the responsibilities are shared (cdc.gov, n.d., p. 2). Both my mother and my father are breadwinners for the family, but the disciplinarian is my mother. A majo r faux pas committed in the household is the fact that my mother couldn’t find enough time for her children in their infancy. We have a family doctor to administer the home remedy. To maintain good health, my family believes that one should regularly exercise and avoid junk food. A detailed analysis

Communcation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Communcation - Assignment Example Distinctive channels have diverse qualities and shortcoming. 4. Decoder: Decoder translates the encoded message to recover the original message. This procedure has to be correct and accurate, or else the message is lost completely. This encoding and decoding will be exceptionally help full in military and versatile correspondences. a) Super Low and Extra Low Frequency bands (SLF and ELF) normally occur natural. This can be very long antennae used by electricity authorities, called power lines radiating 50 or 60 Hz. The signal is experienced as hum. The largest natural source of this radio wave is the interaction between the solar wind and the ionosphere, which results in low frequency currents in the earth and oceans. They are usually studied by geophysicists to understand, inter alia, the availability of ore deposits whose electrical conductance is different from that of the surrounding crust. Like ULF (As illustrated in b) below), these bands achieve applications in communication with submarines, and uses very low information rates. b) 300 Hz - 3 kHz. Ultra Low Frequency (ULF). Water or the earth does not readily consume electromagnetic waves occurring in this range. As such, they might be utilized to communicate among or with submarines and with mines. One drawback is that, with such low frequencies, one can only be in a position to modulate the amplitude sufficiently so they cannot convey much data. This is not a disservice if the stage is needed, as is the situation for systems used for navigation. The wavelengths are long to the point that radio wires may be very long. d) 30 - 300 kHz. Low Frequency (LF). This band advantageous since waves can be propagated around the Earth, using refraction and reflections within the ionosphere or the earth surface. For this reason, these two wave channels form a waveguide for the radio waves in this range, which can hence be tapped for communication purposes across the oceans and around the world. e)

E-commerce managent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-commerce managent - Essay Example Now, â€Å"E-commerce is the function of creating exchange i.e., buying and selling over digital media† (Kalakota and Robinson 1999). Once it was interchangeable in meaning with e-business. Now, the term e-commerce has come of age by not just exchanging business but beyond that – comprising e-marketing, e-franchising, e-mailing and much more. Corporate success has to be essentially a strategic application based on entrepreneurial principles. Traditionally, strategy was formulated and implemented on Solution-Based Logic. Senior members of companies used to spend days in suggesting strategies to increase profits. Strategies suggested by board members served personal interest more than real work, questioning and ridiculing others’ ideas. All members had different perspectives of evaluating the proposed strategy. It was an amalgam of conflicting strategies, where finding a consensus was just a formality. Politics played a major role in zeroing on a strategy. Customer satisfaction on adopting a strategy based on traditional method was not beyond 5% to 15% better than earlier solutions. (Anthony, 1999) Advanced strategy, on the other hand, involves thinking process applied at senior level, called Outcome-Based Logic. It provides solutions, satisfying 80% more customers than the earlier solutions, performing ten times better than traditional strategies. Due to the fast changing IT environment, advanced business strategy needs to be formulated to convert new opportunities and add value to turn corporate investment into appealing propositions, remaining in the competition by providing durable benefits to business units. The fast pace of technological development has changed the ways of doing business on the global platform. The World Wide Web has changed the strategic mindset of companies to exploit the vast market potential, earlier unavailable. The major challenge of this dynamic business world is to run durable profit-earning

Research Paper for Ethics Criminal Justice Class

For Ethics Criminal Justice Class - Research Paper Example â€Å"According to Bloxham & Kushner (2005), it was very unethical for the commanders to follow the laws and orders of the Third Reich during the Holocaust.† The following quote show the hatred developed by most Germans against the Jews â€Å"A Jew is for me an object of disgust. I feel like vomiting when I see one. Christ could not possibly have been a Jew. It is not necessary to prove that scientifically – it is a fact.  I do not need to prove this with  science  or scholarship. It is so!† The Third Reich was the official Nazi designation for the regime ruling Germany from January 1933 to may 1945 under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. This Third Reich was a presumed successor of the medieval and early modern Holy Roman Empire of 800 to 1806, which was the First Reich, while the German empire from 1871 to 1918 formed the Second Reich. The Third Reich operated on laws and orders that were discriminatory to people who were of different races from the Germans, especially the Jews and the polish. As such, the obedience by their commanders of these laws and regulations to continually persecute and exterminate the Jews and polish in German concentration camps was very unethical. These laws and orders as followed by the Third Reich were extremely immoral and unethical. Furthermore, they were particularly against the Jewish people. â€Å"Bergen (2003) argues that their defense during the Nuremberg trials was utterly wrong and unsuccessful, as law or no law; it is unethical an d inhumane to persecute and execute others just to follow orders†. The word Holocaust originates from the Greeks, comprising a combination of two Greek words, â€Å"holos† which means whole, and â€Å"kaustos† which means burned. The Greek used this word historically to refer to or describe a sacrificial offering that they offered burned on an altar. However, this term acquired a new and horrendous meaning during the Nazi regime and

Contemporary Issues in Organisational Behaviour Essay

Contemporary Issues in Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example In order to understand what information technology does to organisational behaviour, one should understand what information technology does in an organisation. Its main functions are information capture, information storage, information manipulation, and information distribution. It is found that computer system increased the amount of factual information, increased the involvement of employees in decision making especially related to computer issues, and increased the ability to check on activities in real time. As Bakan et al (n.d.) point out, with this increased presence of information technology, it has become possible for employees to feel that they get easy access to correct information and also that they can easily influence the decisions and behaviours of others. Though the above mentioned are the positive side, there are a large number of challenges for the organisational behaviour. ... In addition, more and more people lose their jobs as a result of this change. Thus, there is a feeling of insecurity and fear in employees around the world. This is one of the most important challenges for organisational behaviour to handle at present. Along with this comes the problem of lack of motivation. Admittedly, when communication takes place through modern communication devices, and when machines replace man, there is lack of direct interaction. Thus, increased insecurity along with decreased interaction leads to a drop in motivation levels. In other words, today’s organisations are spread across various geographical areas and are connected mainly using the advanced communication technology. However, this modern technology can, at times, function as hindrances for managers in knowing their employees of distant places personally. As studies have proved, it is vital to know the culture of people to motivate them. For example, there is the study by Sohrabi, Gholipour and Amiri (2011) which found the groups that are virtually linked show less job satisfaction, less job involvement, less job commitment, and less organisational citizenship. Handling globalisation and its various effects In the opinion of Chaneta (n.d), the second major challenge is the globalisation and its various impacts. Some important aspects of globalisation that affect businesses at present are the movement of valuable skills and investments, increasing cultural diversity, immigration, job migration, and multicultural workplaces. Admittedly, globalisation leads to the creation of cultural diversity within the society and organisation. These various cultures have various attitudes and ways of interaction. For example, while the Americans believe in